A typical full-size rack is 42U, which means it holds just over 6 feet (180 cm) of equipment, and a typical "half-height" rack is 18U–22U, which is around 3 feet (91 cm) high. The mounting-hole distance (as s. A typical full-size rack is 42U, which means it holds just over 6 feet (180 cm) of equipment, and a typical "half-height" rack is 18U–22U, which is around 3 feet (91 cm) high. The mounting-hole distance (as shown to the right) differs for 19-inch racks and 23-inch racks: 19-inch racks use uneven spacings (as shown to the right) while 23-inch racks use evenly spaced mounting holes. Although it is called a 19-inch rack unit, the actual mounting dimensions of a 19-inch rack unit are 18+5⁄16 inches (18.313 in; 465.14 mm) wide, center to center. Rack units are universally the same, but the type of thread can vary depending on the rack. Mounting rails can be No. 10-32 tapped (), No. 12-24 tapped, metric M6 threaded or univers. A rack unit (abbreviated U or RU) is a unit of measure defined as 1+3⁄4 inches (44.45 mm). It is most frequently used as a measurement of the overall height of, as well as the height of equipment that mounts in these frames, whereby the height of the frame or equipment is expressed as multiples of rack units. For example, a typical full-size rack cage is 42U high, while equipment is typically 1U, 2U, 3U, or 4U high. The rack unit size is based on a standard rack specification as defined in -310. The specifies a standard rack unit as the unit of height; it also defines a similar unit, (HP), used to measure the width of rack-mounted equipment. The standard was adopted worldwide as IEC 60297 Mechanical structures for electronic equipment – Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 482.6 mm (19 in) series, and defines the sizes for rack, subrack (a shelf-like chassis in which cards can be inserted), and the pitch of /cards providing physical compatibility of technological equipment, typically in telecommunications. While a rack unit is defined as 1+3⁄4 inches (44.45 mm), a front panel or filler panel in a rack is not an exact multiple of this height. To allow space between adjacent rack-mounted components, a panel is 1⁄32 inch (0.031 in; 0.79 mm) less in height than the full number of rack units would imply. Thus, a 1U front panel would be 1+23⁄32 inches (1.719 in; 43.66 mm) tall. If n is number of rack units, the ideal formula for panel height is h = 1.750n − 0.031 for calculating in inches, and h = 44.45n − 0.79 for calculating in millimetres. Manufacturing allows for dimensions with less precision. The 19-inch rack format with rack units of 1.75 inches (44.45 mm) was established as a standard by AT&T around 1922 in order to reduce the space required for and termination equipment in a telephone company.